God trusting us to trust him
Daniel 3: The God we serve can rescue us…but even if he doesn’t….
I love this story! The pagan king orders the three Hebrew men to worship his statue; it’s either worship or die in the furnace. Their response is one for the ages: “The God we serve can rescue us from your roaring furnace…but even if he doesn’t…we still wouldn’t serve your gods or worship the gold statue you set up.” Now, that’s trusting faith! I’ve never been where they are and I hope I never am. However, if such a day comes I pray that I’ll have the same backbone they did. At a much less intense level, I’m taken by their “even if he doesn’t” statement. They knew what God “could” do but they weren’t sure of what he “would” do. If they’re given a choice, they’ll vote for divine rescue, but, obviously they aren’t the ones choosing. If they have to, they’ll go with option two: obedience even to death. I, too, believe the Lord knows how to rescue his people. However, there are times when it seems God has something bigger going on and my predicament isnāt at the core of what’s happening. At times like that the Lord trusts me to trust him. So, “even if he doesn’t” do what I want, I declare my allegiance to him and then hold fast to it.
Take Away: The great test of faith isnāt believing for a miracle. Rather, itās believing when the miracle never comes.
Tag: obedience
Devotional on Hosea
Who is this really?
Hosea 1: The first time God spoke to Hosea…
The book of Hosea contains no preface aside from the opening sentence or two. There’s no wading into this pool. Instead, we immediately jump off into the deep end! The thing is it appears it’s that way for Hosea too. Here’s a godly man, minding his own business suddenly hearing from God. Having grown up in the ’60’s I loved Bill Cosby’s “Noah.” Cosby imagines Noah hearing from the Lord and then asking “who is this really?” If, out of nowhere, being told to build an ark was a strange command imagine what itās like for Hosea when his first message from God is to go, find a prostitute, and marry her! “Who is this really?” wouldn’t have been an unreasonable question. However, Hosea recognizes the Voice of God and he responds, not as Bill Cosby might imagine, but in immediate, humble obedience. God speaks, Hosea obeys. We’ve hardly begun reading this book and before us is the line “Hosea did it.” If I push everything back for a moment, before plunging on into the story, I can’t help but marvel at Hosea’s ability to hear, recognize, and then obey the Voice of God even though what he’s heard seems highly unreasonable. Today, I can’t help but be impressed by that.
Take Away: We all need lessons from people like Hosea and Noah in learning to hear and recognize the voice of the Lord.
Devotional on Hosea
Picking a wife
Hosea 1: He picked Gomer daughter of Diblaim.
Somewhere in my sermon files I have a sermon on the “beautiful, vivacious, Gomer.” Aside from this being the name of Hosea’s bride the only other Gomer I know of is the TV character and he’s about as plain a guy and you’ll ever find. I can’t help but wonder how Hosea went about obeying God’s command. Did he head down to the red light district and pick a wife? Did he already know Gomer from their childhoods and, maybe remembered a childhood crush he had on her? This situation almost begs for more information. Frankly, I doubt that Gomer is a lovely lady at all. Instead, I think sheās hard and brittle and jaded and rebellious. The reason I think that is not because I think all women who sell their bodies are like that. I think many are victims for whom one bad choice has led to another. Rather, I see Gomer thus because in this “living parable” she represents the rebellious people of Israel. I don’t think that Hosea goes out and picks the prettiest of the lot. Instead, I think he picks the person whose most like Israel: hard, brittle, jaded, and in rebellion against their loving God. Obviously, such a marriage is doomed from the start. However, in spite of this oil and water marriage, Hosea finds himself bound to his wife by an irresistible, undeniable love. The reason for this is that, in this living parable Gomer represents Israel; Hosea represents God.
Take Away: The Lord is bound to us in love, but not because weāre irresistibly loveable.
Devotional on Jonah
The hardest work of all
Jonah 1: He was sound asleep.
We donāt know anything about Jonahās background. It may be that heās been a prophet for years, faithfully preaching Godās messages to his people. On the other hand, this may be Jonahās first encounter with God. He may have been an average fellow just minding his own business who heard the Voice of God. Either way, the mission he’s given isnāt one he wants. Nineveh is the capital of the hated and feared Assyrian empire. Thereās nothing Jonah or any of his fellow countrymen would like better than to see Nineveh destroyed. Just a few pages over in our Bibles we find ourselves in the book of Nahum. That short book of the Bible is all about Godās promised destruction of this same city. Now, thatās the sermon Jonah wants to preach. Instead, God calls him to call them to repent that they might be spared. Jonah doesnāt want the job so he flees Israel and, he supposes, the presence of the Lord by hopping a boat headed in the opposite direction. Once aboard, he heads for the deepest, most out-of-the-way spot he can find and falls fast asleep. Iāve only been out on rough seas one time so my experience is very limited. Still, I can say with confidence that such a time and place isnāt a good one for a nap. In fact, the only possibility of falling into a sound sleep in that circumstance is exhaustion. I think Jonah has wrestled with his call to preach to Israelās enemies to the point that he’s not slept for days and is operating on the ragged edge of collapse. People think that doing what God wants is too hard or that it wonāt satisfy their lives. To their chagrin they discover that refusing God is even harder and that whatever they do instead fails to satisfy. Running from God is hard work.
Take Away: Disobeying the Lord is hard work.
Devotional on Haggai
Listening and honoring
Haggai 1: In listening to Haggai, they honored God.
The drought has everyone worried. If rain doesnāt come soon the resulting famine will bring misery and death. Not only that, but thereās a general dissatisfaction among the returned exiles. Even when they do things that ought to satisfy theyāre left feeling empty. Then Haggai brings his sermon. He says that the reason for no rain is that God’s getting their attention. Theyāre living self-centered lives and have failed to honor him by rebuilding the Temple. He also says that the reason for their general dissatisfaction is that theyāve been looking for satisfaction in the wrong things. Only the Lord can satisfy their lives and they can experience him only by putting him first. At this point the people stand where their ancestors stood many times through the years. Will they listen to the message from God or will they harden their hearts and become more entrenched than ever in their refusal to honor him? Their answer is a resounding decision to obey the voice of the Lord. Where their ancestors failed they succeed. This watershed moment is rewarded with a further message from the Lord who declares, āI am with you!ā I love what happens here. As Iāve read through the Prophets Iāve encountered one instance of rebellion after another. How refreshing it is to hear Godās prophet declare Godās message to Godās people and see them listen and obey. Itās almost as though the sun breaks through the clouds to shine down on the words Iām reading. The people of Haggaiās day messed up, but when God got their attention and declared his intentions they responded in humble obedience. Personally, Iād rather not mess up in the first place but when I do, I want their ālistening and honoringā to be my inspiration.
Take Away: Better to do it the Lordās way all along, but if not, itās good to at least humbly accept his correction and move forward from there.
Devotional on Haggai
Me, doing my part
Haggai 2: I own the silver, I own the gold.
Every Jew knows about the Temple. Even though it was destroyed decades ago theyāve heard stories of its glory. A few of the old people actually saw it when they were children. It could be that one reason the returned exiles have neglected the rebuilding of the Temple is because they donāt think they can do it justice and whatever they do will be a pale reflection of the great Temple of history. For one thing, they canāt furnish it in silver and gold as their ancestors did when they first built the Temple. Fearing that they canāt do a good enough job of rebuilding they havenāt started at all. Now, in Haggaiās second sermon, he tells the people they donāt have to worry about that. If they do what they can do God will do the rest. In this case, the Lordās word is that heāll provide the silver and gold if they just get started on the building. So what is it in my life thatās never been started because I know I lack the resources to complete it? Is my failure here not so much resource-based as it is faith-based? Years earlier the ancestors of Haggaiās congregation were told to march forward through the Red Sea. Even though they didnāt have the resources to dam up the waters, they obeyed. When they did what they could do, God did the rest. What might the Lord do in my life if I would simply do what I can do while trusting the One who owns the silver and gold of this world to do the rest?
Take Away: We do our part while trusting the Lord to do his.
Devotional on Matthew
A lesson from the bakery
Matthew 16: Keep a sharp eye out for Pharisee-Sadducee yeast.
I wonder what Jesus is talking about when he tells his disciples to beware of the yeast of the Pharisees and the Sadducees. Thereās a clue just a few lines earlier. These people want Jesus to prove himself to them, probably by performing some miracle. Jesus dismisses them by saying that theyāre going to get proof alright, the powerful proof of life out of death when, as Jonah returned from the deep, he, himself, will return from the grave. At that point Jesus turns his back on them and walks away. Later he warns his disciples to beware of their āyeast.ā Those who bake bread know about yeast. A little is worked into the dough so it will rise, becoming soft and tasty. Jesus says that thereās āyeastā that can work its way into every part of our lives, bringing not good results, but bad. Itās the insistence on God doing things our way, having to prove himself to us before weāll believe. In the encounters of the Pharisees and Sadducees with Jesus thereās always a tug of war concerning whoās in charge and what Jesus has to do to satisfy them. Jesus warns his disciples to not fall into that trap. Before we know it this approach will work its way into our lives. When God doesnāt do things our way and in our time, weāll begin to doubt him and his goodness. Later in this same passage, Peter first declares that Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God. Later on though, we see the yeast of the Pharisees when he argues against Jesus proceeding Godās way, thinking he knows better. If Peter, in basically the same conversation can go from a great statement of faith to one of āmy way is betterā Iād better take warning. This yeast can work its way into my life before I even know it.
Take Away: The idea that I always know just what God should do and how he should do it can sneak into my thinking and take root there.
Devotional on Matthew
Is your testimony brighter than your life?
Matthew 21: He answered, āSure, glad to.ā But he never went.
Jesus tells us the story of two sons. Both are given the same directions from their father. The first son turns his father down. Then, thinking better of it, does what his father asked. The second son immediately says heāll obey but then never gets around to it. The key question is āWhich of the two sons did what the father asked?ā Everyone knows the answer. I fear that people raised in church are in danger of being āeasy yesā folks. The very fact that they know what itās all about, that they know the answers to all the Sunday School questions, and can slip into āchurch modeā without a thought places them, above others, in danger of playing the role of the second son. For others, there has to be a conscious admission that their first response to God was the wrong one. They have to make a radical change in their lives. However, for āinsidersā the seeming āyesā on the surface of their lives blurs spiritual reality for them. I, for one, donāt want to live my life merely giving lip service to God. I want to be committed to him and living in obedience to him at every level. Iād rather that my life shine brighter than my testimony than have things the other way around.
Take Away: Living the Christian life requires more than mere lip service.
Devotional on John
The power of the cross
John 8: When he put it in these terms, many people decided to believe.
The debate concerns the relationship of Jesus to his Father. His enemies listen for any misstatement, any slip of the tongue of our Lord, that they might pounce and score some debate points. Jesus tells them that they need to open their minds and stop thinking in such a small, earthly scale. Meanwhile, others are listening, considering and trying to decide for themselves about Jesus. Finally, Jesus says to his enemies, āWhen you raise me up, then youāll know who I am.ā The āraise me upā phrase is crystal clear to his listeners. Jesus is talking about crucifixion. In this culture, to be āraised upā is a very bad thing. Even as his enemies prepare for more debate and the crowd tries to digest what Jesus is saying, he continues. When he is āraised up,ā as bad as that is, his Father wonāt abandon him. Even to crucifixion Jesus will take joy in pleasing his Father. At this point, many in the crowd are convinced. If Jesus is willing to obey his Father even to a cross, and if he believes that even at such a terrible moment the Father will be faithful to him, they will believe in him. Such confidence and such a level of commitment is compelling. Once in a while I happen upon some profane, blasphemous use of the cross. The enemies of Christ are still among us and they think that the cross is silly or proof of weakness and defeat. For many, though, itās convincing and compelling. In this passage, even before Jesus actually goes to the cross, itās the cross that convinces them to follow. Never question the power of the cross.
Take Away: The cross convinces us of Christ and his ability to transform our lives.
Devotional on John
Peter, stop arguing!
John 13: Why canāt I follow now?
Itās Thursday night before Jesus is arrested. He and his disciples are in the Upper Room and Jesus is in the role of servant, washing their feet. He comes to Peter, but Peter resists, declaring āYouāre not going to wash my feet ā ever!ā Jesus, though, persists telling Peter that if he wonāt allow this that heāll have no part in what Jesus has come to do. Peter decides to give in, but if thatās how it is, he has a better idea. He wants Jesus to wash his hands and head as well. Once again, our Lord holds steady, explaining that itās foot washing that Peter needs and itās foot washing that heās going to get. Then, the meal ended, Jesus tenderly commands his disciples to love one another. This, he says, will be their primary, distinguishing characteristic. As Jesus is stating these words, Peterās focus is on what Jesus said earlier. He ignores the teaching concerning mutual love and wants to know where Jesus is going. The Lord patiently responds, telling Peter that someday heāll follow but not right now. Peter is having none of that. āWhy later? Why not now?ā he demands. Then he adds, āIāll lay down my life for you.ā At this point, Jesus has had enough of Peterās approach. Even as he declares his allegiance to the Lord his responses are always that he knows better than Jesus. At this point Jesus tells him that big time failure is coming to him, and soon. I donāt know whether to smile at Peterās āLord, I love you but I know better than youā approach or if I should wince and remember the times Iāve blundered ahead of the Lord thinking I knew what to do without asking him. How often do my actions betray the truth that I think I know better than God?
Take Away: A part of following Jesus is admitting that heās smarter than we are.
Devotional on Acts
When the Lord says to wait….
Acts 1: Judas must now be replaced.
The story of the resurrection doesnāt conclude the story of Jesus. This is no āand they lived happily ever afterā kind of story. Now we learn about the response to the Gospel and how it, empowered by the Spirit of Jesus, begins its spread across the face of the earth. That journey, though, gets off to a rather poor start. Jesus told his followers to wait in the Upper Room for āpower from on high.ā Peter, though, (bless his heart) thinks that while theyāre waiting they can conduct some business. He has some scripture to quote and some logic to apply as he suggests that they make good use of this waiting period to select a replacement for the fallen and now dead Judas. Criteria are laid out and people are nominated. Then, using an ancient method, they select a good man, Matthias. Since hindsight is 20/20 we know that this isnāt the Lordās intention. Matthias, good man that he is, isnāt intended to be the replacement disciple. The criteria, as Biblical as they are, arenāt going to be applied. The man God has selected is, right now, a Pharisee of the Pharisees. Heāll soon be the greatest enemy of Christ on the face of the earth. The lesson to be learned here is simple: when the Lord says to wait, just wait.
Take Away: The best of disciples must guard against running ahead of the Lord.
Devotional on Acts
Enjoy the moment but realize it may not be permanent
Acts 13: Take Barnabas and Saul and commission them for the work I have called them to do.
When Paulās converted the Lord says āI have picked him as my personal representative to Gentiles and kings, and Jews.ā From the beginning itās clear that the Lord intends for this man to minister beyond the current reach of the Church. Now, years later we find Paul, along with his friend and mentor Barnabas working among the Gentile believers in Antioch. Itās reasonable to assume that Paul thinks heās fulfilling that calling, living distant from Jerusalem, ministering across cultural lines. Then thereās an unexpected stirring in his heart. The Lord is moving him in a new, and somewhat unexpected, direction. Soon the church leaders receive word from the Holy Spirit on this matter. Paul and Barnabas are to be set apart to take the gospel into new territory. The move a few years earlier to Antioch may have felt as though it was the ultimate response to Godās call but now Paul sees that it was but a step in the direction the Lord had for him. The rest of his life will be lived āout thereā proclaiming the gospel in new places, doing just what the Lord said years earlier in Damascus. To some extent weāre always on a journey. Even when we stay in the same place the circumstances around us change. However, at times the Lord tells us that what we took for a permanent assignment was merely a stepping stone to the next thing. Just because the Lord puts me in a place for a time or blesses me in a particular way as I do things in some specific manner doesnāt mean that Iām to institutionalize it and refuse to budge from there. I must not confuse a step for a permanent assignment.
Take Away: Donāt get too settled. The Lord may just be preparing you for the next step in your journey.
Devotional on 2 Corinthians
The voice of authority
2Corinthians 10: I write in the gentle but firm spirit of Christ.
Paulās first letter was rather stern and was, in general, well received. Most of the church at Corinth took it to heart and responded positively to it. However, we see here that not everyone received it in the spirit in which it was written. Some complain that Paul should mind his own business and that āthem and Godā will work things out. Others point out that there are leaders aside from Paul in their number who hold different opinions from him. Yet others say that Paul writes tough, but in person heās not very impressive and his letters shouldnāt be treated as though theyāre the final word on anything. The Apostle takes all this on in this passage. He wants them to understand that heās being as patient with those who oppose him as possible, but that his words arenāt his own, but carry with them the very authority of Christ. He hasnāt tried to manipulate them and he hasnāt avoided the more sticky points. He knows that thereās opposition both outside and inside the church. After all, his teachings are radical and run counter to the worldās way of doing things. Heās not just putting band aids on severe wounds. Rather, heās in a battle to the death with an ungodly culture that still has a foothold in the Church. All this he does under the direct authority of Christ. If they want to hear from someone with authority, heās it! Paulās self-assurance here is breathtaking. In spite of his obvious weaknesses he pulls no punches in claiming authority in this situation. Iām sure thereās a case to be made for humility and for letting people work things out between them and God. Here, though, Iām reminded that sometimes God chooses to use unlikely people to state his message. This, I think, is different than a preacher taking a text and, using its authority, delivering a sermon. This kind of prophetic voice is seldom heard, but when it happens people tend to recognize it. Beyond recognizing it, weād better pay attention to it.
Take Away: Itās the Lord who gives authority to his message.
Devotional on Ephesians
Wandering in the wilderness
Ephesians 2: Youāre no longer wandering exiles.
We know the story of how under the leadership of Moses the children of Israel refuse to enter the Promised Land and end up wandering in the wilderness for 40 long years. In this passage, Paul describes the Gentiles as also wandering out in the wilderness, separated from God. Now, thanks to Jesus, the way into the Promised Land, the ākingdom of faith,ā has been provided. Everyone is invited, both Jews and Gentiles, to make the crossing into that place of peace, at home with God. The reason, of course, that the children of Israel even make that long detour in the first place is that they didnāt trust God. Having rejected him, they turned away to the misery of the desert. For the Gentiles, the situation’s a bit different. Because of Jesus theyāre experiencing their first opportunity to come to God and theyāre taking full advantage of it, coming in by the thousands and tens of thousands. For those who respond, the wandering days are ended and the days of spiritual abundance have begun. On a personal level Iāve seen more than one respond to what Jesus has done. Theyāre rewarded with new, everlasting life for their decision. Sad to say, Iāve seen a few who have opted for the wilderness instead. Decisions have been made, priorities have been set, and theyāve followed the road out into the desert. Happily, God is the God of Second Chances. At some point, I hope and pray that theyāll find themselves once again at the point of decision. I sincerely pray that at that time their wandering days will end.
Take Away: Jesus provides us all the way to God.
Devotional on Ephesians
Paying attention to the big deal of life
Ephesians 5: Observe how Christ loved us.
So what does a thoughtful, genuine Christian life look like? What examples are good ones for me to study and then apply to my life? Paul says the place to start is by looking upward. As a child of God I study his behavior, doing all I can to make true the proverb, ālike Father like son.ā If I want to see those attributes āwith skin on themā I look to Jesus. Whatever I see in Jesus, I attempt to copy into my life. And what do I see? I see extravagant love. Out of love my Lord gives of himself without reservation. He doesnāt use God for his own purposes. Rather, he reflects the loving compassion of the Father in all he does. The Apostle says that I get chances to live like that. Opportunities to love selflessly come my way and I need to make the most of those opportunities. Some folks miss that boat and rather than filling their lives with Christ-like love they let other things dominate their lives. I understand the problem. Everyday a thousand voices cry out to me. Like carnival front men they invite me to try their game. If Iām not careful, I wander off into their diversion. Today, Iām reminded that love is the thing. When all is said and done in my life, the big deal will be love. Have I loved God with all my heart and soul and mind? Have I loved my neighbor as myself? This passage reminds me to āmake the most out of every chance I get.ā
Take Away: Love is the thing.
Devotional on 1 Thessalonians
The bottom line
1Thessalonians 5: If he said it, heāll do it.
When Paul first preached the gospel at Thessalonica he made it quite clear to them that not only is Jesus coming back, but that they can be ready for that sure event. Both of these things are absolutely true, facts that can be taken to the bank. He also told them in no uncertain terms that the date of the Lordās return is quite uncertain. No secret codes reveal the date. Weāre sure heās coming but weāre in the dark as to when. Whatās left? In the words of Jesus, we must ābe ready.ā Paul reminds them of that as he closes this short letter. As I live my life in the Lord, trusting in him and cooperating with him, he makes me āholy and wholeā and keeps me āfit for the coming of our Master, Jesus Christ.ā The bottom line in any discussion concerning the Second Coming is that, while we donāt know when it will happen, we can be (and must be) ready for it. So I pay attention to the things that matter: prayer, cooperation with God, showing compassion, staying away from āanything tainted with evil.ā I donāt know āwhenā but Iām reminded in this passage that I do know āhowā to get ready and stay ready for Jesus to come back.
Take Away: The most important thing in life is being ready for the sure return of Jesus Christ.
Devotional on Genesis
Fighting the right battle
Genesis 6: Noah did everything God commanded him to do.
We Christians sometimes rush out to fight the wrong battles. When I read the story of Noah and the flood Iām not supposed to come away with a scientific understanding of how the flood happened. Iām not supposed to whip out my calculator and try to figure out how many animals and provisions the ark would carry or study geology to prove there was really such a flood. Instead, Iām to see that God has a plan to redeem humanity and that he’ll go to whatever extreme is necessary to get that done. Iām also to appreciate Noahās obedience in spite of the seeming unreasonableness of his task and his being alone in accomplishing it. Now, that isnāt to say this event is to be filed under the heading of āparable.ā Just the details of the construction of the ark and the clear references to locale mark this as a historical event. The take away, though, isnāt my charging off to prove the story is true or sharpening my debate skills so I can conquer the āunbelieversā with stories of gopher wood on Mount Ararat. Instead, Iām to see God at work, redeeming humanity. Iām to be impressed at what the Lord can do with just one obedient person and be challenged to obedience in areas of my life that are beyond my understanding. Rather than fighting battles on the scientific front, a wiser use of my energy is to deal with the eternal spiritual issues of this event.
Take away: Itās easy to get caught up in battles and miss the main points.
Devotional on Genesis
Road trip!
Genesis 12: God told Abram, āLeave your country, your family, and your fatherās home for a land that I will show you.
When I was younger there was nothing I liked better than taking a trip and our young family often hopped in the car to go and see something new. Then, I ended up traveling for a living, sometimes being gone weeks at a time. That, for me, cured my wander-lust and when that period of my life ended I emotionally overcompensated and became a homebody for several years. These days, I’m back to traveling again, but I confess that I still like the comforts of home.Ā Iāve come to realize that itās possible to be too comfortable. Sometimes, God has things he wants to do in my life: transitions he wants to take me through. He has something better for me, yet I hesitate. āLord, it isnāt all that bad right here ā if it is all the same to you, I think Iāll just settle down here in this place of comfort.ā It makes perfect sense to me ā but to fail here is to miss something much better he has for me. When Abraham obeys the Lord in the call to begin a journey into the unknown, heās about to leave the comfort of home and set out on a decades-long journey. There are going to be some big bumps in the road but the destination the Lord has in mind for him is going to make it all worthwhile. Whatās true for this, the first Patriarch, is true for you and me too: God initiated trips are always worth taking.
Take away: Donāt get too comfortable and miss out on something better the Lord might have in store.
Devotional on Genesis
What God knows
Genesis 22: Now I know…
Jehovah gives Abraham the most difficult task possible. The old man is to follow the example of the pagans of the area and offer his son as a sacrifice. As unbelievable as it is Abraham never doubts that this is Godās command and acts in painful obedience. If the Lord doesnāt stop him when he does, well, we’d probably have another Old Testament resurrection story. Itās at this point that the Almighty says something that gives us an amazing insight into the attributes of God. Three words: āNow I knowā¦.ā Those arenāt big words for me to say about myself ā there are many ānow I knowā moments in my life. But for God to say it ā wow! In these words I get a glimpse of what it means for God to have created human beings with genuinely free will. At the Creation he made us, at the same time, like himself and āotherā than himself. At certain times and at some levels, even our Creator is unsure of what we’ll do. Understand this: God is never at a loss as to what to do in response to what we do. In this case, the Lord has a preferred action for Abraham and he comes through with flying colors. Still (and I know I canāt prove this) Iām convinced that the Lord has already considered what he will do and how he will do it if Abrahamās performance is somewhat less than stellar. In this case we have the very best result possible because Abraham fully cooperates with the Lord God.
Take away: Sometimes the best way to partner with God in what heās doing in this world is to listen carefully to his voice and then act in obedience even if we donāt understand it all.